How to explain division to a child using objects

Example: 12 apples and three boxes

Here, 12 is the total number, 3 is the number of equal groups and 4 is the number in each group. Talk through what each number means instead of only naming the answer.

1. Draw or lay out 12 apples and mark three boxes.
2. Share the apples equally: one in each box, then repeat.
3. Count the apples in one box: there are four.
4. Write 12 ÷ 3 = 4. Check with multiplication: 4 × 3 = 12.

Check whether the idea makes sense

If the answer comes only from memory, return to the objects and ask how many belong in each group. One correct answer does not yet show whether the operation is understood.

• Ask the child to point to 12, 3 and 4 in the drawing.
• Change the number: 15 sweets shared between three people gives five each.
• Check the answer with multiplication: 5 × 3 = 15.
• Ask for a new story using the same calculation.

Prepare the explanation with Bonnie

Explain the topic, what the child already knows and the point where they became stuck. You can share a legible photo of the task. Ask for two explanations and a short question to check understanding.

• “They can make groups but find the notation 12 ÷ 3 confusing. How can I connect it to the drawing?”
• “Give a similar example without a remainder and check the arithmetic.”
• “Use toys and avoid introducing new terminology.”